Mix cold cream cheese, granulated sugar, and vanilla until smooth and fluffy. Scoop into 18 small balls and freeze until firm.
Combine sugar and spices in a small bowl to prepare spiced sugar. Set aside.
Whisk together flour, ground spices, salt, and baking soda in a bowl.
Beat butter and brown sugar until light and fluffy using an electric mixer, about 2 minutes.
Add egg yolks, molasses, and vanilla extract to the butter mixture and mix until combined.
Slowly add dry ingredients and mix until a thick dough forms.
Scoop dough into 18 balls, flatten each, place a frozen cheesecake ball in the center, then wrap and roll into smooth balls.
Roll each cookie ball in spiced sugar and place on a parchment-lined baking sheet.
Bake at 350°F for 11 to 12 minutes, 6 cookies at a time.
Cool cookies on the baking sheet for 10 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.